WASHINGTON, Sept. 29, 1999 - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is warning parents and caregivers about the dangers of placing babies to sleep in adult beds. after a study found an average of 64 deaths a year.
"Don't sleep with your baby or put the baby down to sleep in an adult bed," said CPSC Chairman Ann Brown. "The only safe place for babies is in a crib that meets current safety standards and has a firm, tight-fitting mattress. Place babies to sleep on their backs and remove all soft bedding and pillow-like items from the crib."
The CPSC study published in the October issue of the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine found that placing babies to sleep in adult beds puts them at risk of suffocation or strangulation. It found an average 64 deaths per year to babies under the age of 2 years placed to sleep in adult beds, including waterbeds and daybeds.
A review of incident data from January 1990 to December 1997 linked adult beds to at least 515 baby deaths. Analysis of the deaths revealed four major hazard patterns:
- Suffocation associated with the co-sleeping of adult and baby.
- Suffocation where an infant becomes entrapped or wedged between the mattress and another object.
- Suffocation due to airway obstruction when the baby is face down on a waterbed mattress.
- Strangulation in rails or openings on beds that allow a baby's body to pass through while entrapping the head.
CPSC's study is the first to quantify the number of fatalities resulting from the practice of co-sleeping with babies.
Of the 515 deaths, 121 were
reported to be due to a parent, caregiver or sibling rolling on top of
or against the baby while sleeping. More than three-quarters of these
deaths occurred to infants younger than 3 months. The other 394 deaths
resulted from suffocation or from strangulation caused by entrapment of
the child's head in various structures of the bed. Entrapments occurred
between the mattress and the wall, bed frame, headboard, footboard, bed
railings or adjacent furniture.
One of the most tragic aspects of these deaths is that they are largely
preventable. In many cases, the adult placing the baby in the adult bed
was unaware of or underestimated the danger posed. The practice of
co-sleeping can result in the adult rolling on top of or next to the
baby smothering him or her. Mothers who breastfeed should be alerted to
this hazard and should be encouraged to return the baby to the crib
after breast-feeding.
Of the 394 entrapment deaths, 296 were on adult beds, 79 were on
waterbeds and 10 were on daybeds. Bed rails, which are portable railings
that can be installed on toddler and adult beds to keep toddlers from
falling out of beds, accounted for nine baby deaths. CPSC is working
with the bed rail industry on the design of these products to reduce the
hazard. The following chart provides more details on the fatality
scenarios from entrapment and co-sleeping.
For 1998 and 1999, the Commission is aware of at least 76 additional
deaths, 35 due to suffocation associated with co-sleeping and 41 due to
entrapments. The Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,
a member of the Journal of the American Medical Association
family of journals, study "Adult Beds Are Unsafe Places for
Children to Sleep," primarily written by CPSC's Suad Nakamura,
Ph.D., was co-authored by Marilyn Wind, Ph.D., (CPSC) and Mary Ann
Danello, Ph.D., (CPSC). Nakamura gave details about the findings at an
AMA briefing in New York today.
CPSC has also issued a Safety
Alert (pdf format) warning against placing babies in adult beds.
